Internet Timeline v1.1
Vladimir Vrabec
vrabec at cs.felk.cvut.cz
Thu Apr 7 16:05:59 CEST 1994
Vazeni pratele,
v lednu jsme uvedli v NET "Internet Timeline v1.0". Prave vysla nova verze
s oznacenim v1.1. Zajemcum, kteri v budoucnosti si budou prat aktualni
verzi, staci poslat prazdny dopis na adresu "TIMELINE at HOBBES.MITRE.ORG".
Server na teto adrese jim zasle aktualni verzi. Zdravi
Vladimir Vrabec
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Thu, 7 Apr 1994 07:38:59 +0500
From: timeline at hobbes.mitre.org (Internet Timeline)
Subject: Internet Timeline
Apparently-To: vrabec at cs.felk.cvut.cz
Content-Length: 10629
Archive-name: Hobbes' Internet Timeline v1.1
Last-modified: March 12, 1994
Maintainer: Robert H'obbes' Zakon, hobbes at hobbes.mitre.org
Description:
An Internet timeline highlighting some of the key events which helped
shape the Internet as we know today.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hobbes' Internet Timeline v1.1
by
Robert H'obbes' Zakon
hobbes at hobbes.mitre.org
1960s Packet-switching networks
- Paul Baran, RAND: "On Distributed Communications Networks"
- no single outage point
1967 ACM Symposium on Operating Principles
- Plan presented for a packet-switching network
1968 Network presentation to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
1969 ARPANET commissioned by DOD for research into networking
- Uses Network Control Protocol (NCP) through Information Message
Processors (IMP) developed by Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN)
- First node at UCLA and soon after at Stanford Research Institute
(SRI), UCSB, and U of Utah.
First Request for Comment (RFC): "Host Software" by Steve Crocker
1970 ALOHAnet developed by Norman Abrahamson, U of Hawaii (:sk2:)
1971 15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, U of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC,
Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames
1972 International Conference on Computer Communications with
demonstration of ARPANET between 40 machines organized by Bob Kahn.
InterNetworking Working Group (INWG) created to address need
for establishing agreed upon protocols. Chairman: Vinton Cerf.
1973 First international connections to the ARPANET: England and Norway
1975 Operational management of Internet transferred to DCA (now DISA)
BBN opens Telenet, commercial version of ARPANET (:sk2:)
1970s Store and Forward Networks
- Used electronic mail technology and extended it to conferencing
HM Elizabeth, Queen of the United Kingdom sends out an e-mail
(anyone know the exact year?)
1976 uucp (unix-to-unix copy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs and distributed
with UNIX one year later.
1977 THEORYNET created at U of Wisconsin providing electronic mail to
over 100 researchers in computer science (using uucp).
1979 Meeting between U of Wisconsin, DARPA, NSF, and computer scientists
from many universities to establish a Computer Science Department
research computer network.
USENET established using uucp between Duke and UNC.
1981 BITNET, the "Because Its Time (There) NETwork"
- Started as a cooperative network at the City University of New York.
- Provides electronic mail and listserv servers to distribute
information.
- Unlike USENET, where client s/w is needed, electronic mail is the
only tool necessary.
CSNET (Computer Science NETwork) comes into being providing a dial-up
capability to electronic mail. Many universities feeling left out
of ARPANET, join CSNET.
1982 INWG establishes the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet
Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for
ARPANET.
- This leads to one of the first definition of an "internet"
as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP,
and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets.
1983 Name server developed at U of Wisconsin, no longer requiring users
to know the exact path to other systems.
CSNET / ARPANET gateway put in place
ARPANET split into ARPANET and MILNET with the latter becoming
integrated with the Defense Data Network created the previous year.
Desktop workstations come into being, many with Berkeley UNIX which
includes IP networking software.
Need switches from having a single, large time sharing computer
connected to Internet per site, to connection of an entire local
network.
Berkeley releases 4.2BSD incorporating TCP/IP (:mpc:)
1984 Domain Name Server (DNS) introduced.
# of hosts breaks 1,000
1986 NSFNET created (backbone speed of 56Kbps)
- NSF establishes 5 super-computing centers to provide high-computing
power for all.
- ARPANET bureaucracy keeps it from being used to interconnect
centers and NSFNET comes into being with the aid of NASA and DOE.
- This allows an explosion of connections, especially from
universities.
Cleveland Freenet (start of NPTN) comes on-line (:sk2:)
1987 NSF signs a cooperative agreement to manage the NSFNET backbone with
IBM, MCI, and Merit Network, Inc.
1000th RFC: "Request For Comments reference guide"
# of hosts breaks 10,000
# of BITNET hosts breaks 1,000
1988 Internet worm burrows through the Net
1989 # of hosts breaks 100,000
NSFNET backbone upgraded to T1 (1.544Mbps)
RIPE (Reseaux IP Europeens) formed (by European service providers) to
ensure the necessary administrative and technical coordination to
allow the operation of the pan-European IP Network. (:glg:)
1990 ARPANET ceases to exist
First relay between a commercial electronic mail carrier (MCI Mail)
and the Internet through the Clearinghouse for Networked Information
Electronic Frontier Foundation is founded by Mitch Kapor
1991 Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX) Association, Inc. formed by General
Atomics (CERFnet), Performance Systems International, Inc. (PSInet),
and UUNET Technologies, Inc. (AlterNet) (:glg:)
WAIS released by Thinking Machines Corporation
Gopher released by University of Minnesota
1992 Internet Society is chartered
World-Wide Web released by CERN
# of hosts breaks 1,000,000
NSFNET backbone upgraded to T3 (44,736Mbps)
1993 InterNIC created to provide specific Internet services: (:sc1:)
- directory and database services (AT&T)
- registration services (Network Solutions Inc.)
- information services (General Atomics/CERFnet)
US White House comes on-line:
- President Bill Clinton: president at whitehouse.gov
- Vice-President Al Gore: vice-president at whitehouse.gov
- First Lady Hillary Clinton: root at whitehouse.gov (-:rhz:-)
Internet Talk Radio begins broadcasting (:sk2:)
Businesses and media take notice of the Internet
1994 Communities begin to be wired up to the Internet
US Senate and State of California provide information servers
Internet growth summary:
Date Hosts | Date Hosts Networks Domains
----- --------- + ----- --------- -------- -------
1969 4 | 07/89 130,000 3,900
04/71 23 | 10/89 159,000
06/74 62 | 10/90 313,000 9,300
03/77 111 | 01/91 376,000
08/81 213 | 07/91 535,000 16,000
05/82 235 | 10/91 617,000 18,000
08/83 562 | 01/92 727,000
10/84 1,024 | 04/92 890,000 20,000
10/85 1,961 | 07/92 992,000 6,569 16,300
02/86 2,308 | 10/92 1,136,000 7,505 18,100
11/86 5,089 | 01/93 1,313,000 8,258 21,000
12/87 28,174 | 04/93 1,486,000 9,722 22,000
07/88 33,000 | 07/93 1,776,000 13,767 26,000
10/88 56,000 | 10/93 2,056,000 16,533 28,000
01/89 80,000 | 01/94 2,217,000 20,539 30,000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Comments/corrections should be sent to hobbes at hobbes.mitre.org.
Hobbes' Internet Timeline Copyright (c)1993-4 by Robert H Zakon.
Permission is granted for use of this document in whole or in part for non
commercial purposes as long as appropriate credit is given to the author/
maintainer. For commercial uses, please contact the author first.
---
Hobbes' Internet Timeline FAQ:
Q: Why did you compile Hobbes' Internet Timeline?
A: For use in the Internet courses I teach.
Q: How do I get Hobbes' Internet Timeline?
A: For now, you can send an e-mail to timeline at hobbes.mitre.org. You will
receive an automated reply with the Timeline. For comments/corrections
please use hobbes at hobbes.mitre.org.
Q: What do you do at MITRE?
A: I wear the following hats: Internet Evangelist, HCI Engineer, Systems
Integrator, System Administrator, Instructor, He with the Most Toys
Q: Is your license plate really NET SURF?
A: Yes, and there is a frame around it with INTERNET at the top, and my
e-mail address at the bottom. (My wife is to embarassed to drive it:)
---
Hobbes' Internet Timeline was compiled from a number of sources, with some
of the stand-outs being:
Cerf, Vinton (as told to Bernard Aboba). "How the Internet Came to Be."
This article appears in "The Online User's Encyclopedia," by Bernard Aboba.
Addison-Wesley, 1993.
Hardy, Henry. "The History of the Net." Master's Thesis, School of
Communications, Grand Valley State University.
Hauben, Ronda. "From ARPANET to Usenet News." The Amateur Computerist,
Volume 5, No. 3-4, Story 1.
Kulikowski, Stan II. "A Timeline of Network History." Unpublished?
Quarterman, John. "The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems
Worldwide." Bedford, MA: Digital Press. 1990
Internet growth summary compiled from output of the zone program available at
ftp://ftp.nisc.sri.com/pub/zone
---
Contributors to Hobbes' Internet Timeline have their initials next to the
contributed items in the form (:zzz:) and are:
glg - Gail L. Grant (grant at pa.dec.com)
mpc - Mellisa P. Chase (pc at mitre.org)
sc1 - Susan Calcari (susanc at is.internic.net)
sk2 - Stan Kulikowski (stankuli at uwf.bitnet) - see sources section
:-) :-) :-) :-) :-) :-) ;-) Help the Author (-: (-: (-: (-: (-: (-: (-:
The author is on an eternal geneological search. If you know of someone
whose last name is Zakon or could spare 1 minute to check your local phone
book, please e-mail any info (i.e., name, phone, address, city) to
rhz at po.cwru.edu; your help is greatly appreciated.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More information about the net
mailing list