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e-zine Omicron Echo č. 16

předchozí | přehled všech vydání | následující



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OMICRON ECHO 16                                              26. listopadu 1993

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OBSAH:

   1. PRVE KROKY ZACATECNIKA V INTERNETU
   2. DISKUZNI SKUPINA VIAMAIL.CZ.NET

*******************************************************************************

  	Vazeni pratele,

v tomto obcasniku prinasime slibene informace pro zacatecniky v INTERNETu a
CESNETu. Tyto informace jsou vytahem z pripravovaneho studijniho materialu
pro kurzy OMICRON. Cast "DISKUZNI SKUPINA VIAMAIL.CZ.NET" je mozna informacnim
prinosem v soucasne situaci, kdy e-konference NET at CS.FELK.CVUT.CZ prisla v
dusledku havarie o svuj archiv.

                                                 Vladimir Vrabec

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              1. PRVE KROKY ZACATECNIKA V INTERNETU
              -------------------------------------

  Uzivatel, ktery zacina pouzivat INTERNET, potrebuje alespon minimum
informaci a znalosti, aby jeho snazeni bylo primerene uspesne. V dalsim
textu prinasime nekolik rad obsahujicich doporuceni pro samostudium.
Uvedene materialy jsou napsany v anglickem jazyce, jsou archivovany
v INTERNETu na nekterych pocitacich ve forme textovych souboru a jsou
verejne pristupne. Aby nase doporuceni mela vyznam i pro uzivatele, kteri
nemaji plnou internetovskou konektivitu, uvadime u techto souboru
pristupove metody zalozene pouze na pouziti elektronicke posty, na praci
"mailserveru" ruznych typu. Rada z techto souboru je oznacena zkratkou
RFC (Request for Comments) s cislem. Takto oznacene soubory patri do
soustavy internetovskych doporuceni ci norem. Z nich soubory navic oznacene
zkratkou FYI (For Your Comments) jsou urceny predevsim pro vseobecnou
informaci.


1.1 CO TO JE INTERNET
---------------------

  Odpoved na tuto otazku shrnuje 11 stran RFC1462 (FYI20):

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Working Group                                          E. Krol
Request for Comments: 1462                      University of Illinois
FYI: 20                                                     E. Hoffman
                                                   Merit Network, Inc.
                                                              May 1993
                     FYI on "What is the Internet?"
----------------------------------------------------------------------

  Soubor lze ziskat pouzitim gophermailu. Zasleme na adresu
"gopher at gopher.vscht.cz" elektronicky dopis s obsahem (bez radku,
ktere dopis ramuji):


-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
You may edit the following two numbers to set the maximum sizes after which
GopherMail should send output as multiple email messages:

Split=27K bytes/message <- For text, bin, HQX messages (0 = No split)
Menu=100 items/message <- For menus and query responses (0 = No split)
#
Type=0
Port=70
Path=0/inetdocs/fyi/fyi20.txt
Host=ns.ripe.net
#
-------- Konec dopisu -----------


Poznamka:

  Zacatek dopisu az do znaku "#" lze vynechat. Pak plati implicitni hodnoty
Split=27K a Menu=100. Pokud chceme vypnout cleneni velkych souboru do serie
dopisu, staci pred znakem "#" uvest:

Split=0
Menu=0


1.2 ZAKLADNI LITERATURA O INTERNETU
-----------------------------------

  Zakladni literatura o INTERNETu je obsazena na 4 stranach RFC1463 (FYI19):

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Working Group                                        E. Hoffman
Request for Comments: 1463                          Merit Network, Inc.
FYI: 19                                                      L. Jackson
                                                               May 1993

                   FYI on Introducing the Internet--
     A Short Bibliography of Introductory Internetworking Readings
                        for the Network Novice
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

  Soubor lze ziskat pouzitim gophermailu podobne jako v minulem pripade
treba dopisem:

-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
#
Type=0
Port=70
Path=0/inetdocs/fyi/fyi19.txt
Host=ns.ripe.net
#
-------- Konec dopisu -----------


1.3 DALSI ZAJIMAVE DOKUMENTY FYI
--------------------------------

  Doporucujeme ze sady dokumentu typu FYI prostudovat jeste tyto soubory:

A. 53 stran kratkych vysvetlivek internetovskych pojmu

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Working Group                                          G. Malkin
Request for Comments: 1392                                Xylogics, Inc.
FYI: 18                                                 T. LaQuey Parker
                                                                  UTexas
                                                                 Editors
                                                            January 1993

                        Internet Users' Glossary
------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. 42 stran castych otazek zacatecniku s autoritativnimi odpovedmi

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Network Working Group                                          G. Malkin
Request for Comments: 1325                                      Xylogics
FYI: 4                                                         A. Marine
Obsoletes: RFC 1206                                                  SRI
                                                                May 1992

                      FYI on Questions and Answers
        Answers to Commonly asked "New Internet User" Questions
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oba tyto soubory ziskame analogicky jako v predchozich pripadech, pouze
za radku "Path" pouzijeme bud

Path=0/inetdocs/fyi/fyi18.txt

nebo

Path=0/inetdocs/fyi/fyi4.txt


1.4 ZEN AND THE ART OF THE INTERNET
-----------------------------------

  B. Kehoe pred tim, nez rukopis sve knihy

-------
Kehoe, Brendan P. (1993) Zen and the Art of the Internet: A
Beginner's Guide, (second edition) 112 p. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
-------

vydal tiskem, zanechal v INTERNETu k dispozici uzivatelum pracovni verzi
rukopisu v elektronicke forme. Je oznacena jako "Revision 1.0 of February 2,
1992" a ma tento obsah:

Preface                                                       1
Acknowledgements                                              3
1    Network Basics                                           5
        1.1  Domains                                          5
        1.2  Internet Numbers                                 7
        1.3  Resolving Names and Numbers                      7
        1.4  The Networks                                     8
        1.5  The Physical Connection                          8
2    Electronic  Mail                                        11
        2.1  Email Addresses                                 11
                2.1.1  %@!.: Symbolic Cacophony              11
                2.1.2  Sending and Receiving Mail            12
                2.1.3  Anatomy of a Mail Header              13
                2.1.4  Bounced Mail                          14
        2.2  Mailing Lists                                   15
                2.2.1  Listservs                             16
3    Anonymous FTP                                           19
        3.1  FTP Etiquette                                   19
        3.2  Basic Commands                                  20
                3.2.1  Creating the Connection               20
                3.2.2  dir                                   21
                3.2.3  cd                                    22
                3.2.4  get and put                           22
                        3.2.4.1  ASCII vs Binary             23
                        3.2.4.2  mget and mput               24
        3.3  The archie Server                               25
                3.3.1  Using archie Today                    25
                3.3.2  archie Clients                        26
                3.3.3  Mailing archie                        27
                3.3.4  The whatis database                   27
4    Usenet  News                                            29
        4.1  What Usenet Is                                  29
        4.2  The Diversity of Usenet                         29
        4.3  What Usenet Is Not                              29
        4.4  Propagation of News                             31
        4.5  Group Creation                                  32
        4.6  If You're Unhappy                               33
        4.7  The History of Usenet (The ABCs)                33
        4.8  Hierarchies                                     34
        4.9  Moderated vs Unmoderated                        35
        4.10  news.groups & news.announce.newgroups          36
        4.11  How Usenet Works                               36
        4.12  Mail Gateways                                  37
        4.13  Usenet "Netiquette"                            37
                4.13.1  Signatures                           37
                4.13.2  Posting Personal Messages            38
                4.13.3  Posting Mail                         38
                4.13.4  Test Messages                        39
                4.13.5  Famous People Appearing              39
                4.13.6  Summaries                            39
                4.13.7  Quoting                              40
                4.13.8  Crossposting                         41
                4.13.9  Recent News                          41
                4.13.10  Quality of Postings                 41
                4.13.11  Useful Subjects                     42
                4.13.12  Tone of Voice                       42
                4.13.13  Computer Religion                   43
        4.14  Frequently Asked Questions                     43
                4.14.1  The Pit-Manager Archive              43
5    Telnet                                                  45
        5.1  Using Telnet                                    45
                5.1.1  Telnet Ports                          45
        5.2  Publicly Accessible Libraries                   46
        5.3  The Cleveland Freenet                           47
        5.4  Directories                                     47
                5.4.1  Knowbot                               48
                5.4.2  White Pages                           48
        5.5  Databases                                       48
                5.5.1  Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries (CARL) 48
                5.5.2  PENpages                                       49
                5.5.3  Clemson Univ. Forestry & Agricultural Network  49
                5.5.4  University of Maryland Info Database           49
                5.5.5  University of Michigan Weather Underground     50
                5.5.6  Geographic Name Server                         50
                5.5.7  FEDIX_Minority Scholarship Information         50
                5.5.8  Science & Technology Information System        51
                5.5.9  Ocean Network Information Center               51
                5.5.10  NASA/IPAC ExtragalacticDatabase (NED)         51
                5.5.11  U.S. Naval Observatory Automated Data Service 52
6    Various  Tools                                          53
        6.1  Finger                                          53
        6.2  Ping                                            54
        6.3  Talk                                            55
        6.4  The WHOIS Database                              55
                6.4.1  Other Uses of WHOIS                   57
7    Commercial  Services                                    59
        7.1  Electronic Journals                             59
        7.2  Commercial Databases                            60
        7.3  Clarinet News                                   60
8    Things You'll Hear About                                63
        8.1  The Internet Worm                               63
        8.2  The Cuckoo's Egg                                64
        8.3  Organizations                                   64
                8.3.1  The Association for Computing Machinery          65
                8.3.2  Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility 65
                8.3.3  The Electronic Frontier Foundation               66
                8.3.4  The Free SoftwareFoundation                      68
                8.3.5  The League for Programming Freedom               68
        8.4  Networking Initiatives                          69
                8.4.1  NREN                                  69
9    Finding Out More                                        71
        9.1  Internet Resource Guide                         71
        9.2  Requests for Comments                           71
Conclusion                                                   73
Appendix A    Getting to Other Networks                      75
Appendix B    Retrieving Files via Email                     77
        ArchiveServers                                       77
        FTP-by-MailServers                                   77
Appendix C    Newsgroup Creation                             79
        Discussion                                           79
        Voting                                               79
        The Result of a Vote                                 81
        Creation of the Group                                81
Glossary                                                     83
Bibliography                                                 91
        Books                                                91
        Periodicals & Papers                                 92
Index                                                        95


Elektronickou formu tohoto rukopisu je mozne ziskat gophermailem znamym
zpusobem, dopisem na adresu "gopher at gopher.vscht.cz". Dopis bude mit obsah
(nechceme cleneni souboru o velikosti cca 190Kb do sady dopisu):

-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
Split=0
Menu=0
#
Type=0
Port=7077
Path=0/docs/introducing.the.internet/zen.txt
Host=pub.vse.cz
#
-------- Konec dopisu -----------

Rukopis muzeme rovnez ziskat z "nic.merit.edu" pomoci mailserveru "nic-info".
Posleme na adresu "nic-info at nic.merit.edu" e-dopis s obsahem:

-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
get zen.txt
-------- Konec dopisu -----------

Jako odpoved ziskame dopis se souborem zen.txt.


1.5 DALSI ZAJIMAVE SOUBORY Z NIC.MERIT.EDU
------------------------------------------

  Na pocitaci NIC.MERIT.EDU v adresari "introducing.the.internet" je archivovan
soubor "access.guide" o velikosti 15 Kb (Hoffman, Ellen May 1993).
Je vysledkem pracovniho usili
"User-Doc2 Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force" a "Merit
Network, Inc." Obsahuje seznam souboru doporucenych k prostudovani zacatecnikum
v Internetu. Vedle nekterych jiz nami uvedenych souboru obsahuje tento seznam
radu dalsich. Dulezite mezi nimi jsou soubory

"information.sources" - znama prehledova prace J. Decembera z dubna t.r.,
                        110 Kb,

"internet.basics.eric-digest" - prace od R. Tennanta ze zari t.r.(ERIC Digest),
                        12 Kb,

archivovane spolu s "access.guide". Lze je tedy ziskat pomoci e-posty zaslanim
e-dopisu na adresu "nic-info at nic.merit.edu" s obsahem:

-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
get access.guide
get information.sources
get internet.basics.eric-digest
-------- Konec dopisu -----------

Protoze existuje jiz nova - listopadova - verze "information.sources", ktera je
archivovana na pocitaci FTP.RPI.EDU v adresari "pub/communications" jako
soubor "internet-cmc.txt" o obsahu

   Section -0- HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENT
   Section -1- THE INTERNET AND SERVICES
   Section -2- INFORMATION SERVICES/ELECTRONIC PUBLICATIONS
   Section -3- SOCIETIES AND ORGANIZATIONS
   Section -4- NEWSGROUPS
   Section -5- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
   Section -6- DESCRIPTION OF ITEMS,

lze doporucit tuto novou verzi. Muzeme ji ziskat nejakym "ftpmail" serverem,
treba "ftpmail at grasp1.univ-lyon1.fr", kteremu zasleme e-dopis o obsahu

-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
open ftp.rpi.edu
size 1024K
mode ascii
get pub/communications/internet-cmc.txt
-------- Konec dopisu -----------

Prikazem "size 1024K" jsme nastavili maximalni povolenou delku e-dopisu
odpovedi.


1.6 INTERNET-SERVICES
---------------------

  Mezi dulezite FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions and Answers) patri
znamy Yanoffuv seznam "Special Internet Connections" (list) a Savetzuv soubor
"Internet Services Frequently Asked Questions and Answers" (faq) majici obsah

SECTION 0: THE BASICS
0.1: What is the purpose of this document?
0.2: What is alt.internet.services?
0.3: I'm new to the Internet. Where do I start?
0.4: What kind of information is on the Internet?
     Why isn't there an encyclopedia on the Internet?

SECTION 1: WHAT IS...?
1.1: What is Telnet?
1.2: What is anonymous FTP?
1.3: What is Usenet?
1.4: What is finger?
1.5: What is IRC?
1.6: What is Alex/Archie/Gopher/Hytelnet/Netfind/Prospero/
             Veronica/WAIS/WHOIS/WWW/X.500?
1.7: What is MUD/MUSH/MOO/MUCK/DUM/MUSE, etc.?

SECTION 2: HOW DO I...?
2.1: How do I send mail from the Internet to another network?
2.2: How do I access other systems from the Internet?
2.3: How do I contact a service provider?
2.4: How do I find out someone's e-mail address?
2.5: How do I get a name resolved?
2.6: How do I send e-mail to the White House?
2.7: How do I get stock market information?
2.8: How do I access the Library of Congress?

SECTION 3: I NEED INFORMATION ABOUT...
3.1: Where can I get Internet access in my area?
3.2: I need a BBS (on the Internet or in my area)!
3.3: Is there a list of all the Internet services?
3.4: How do I get information about the Internet online?
3.5: Are there any magazines about the Internet?
3.6: What's a good book to read for more information about the Internet?

Oba soubory jsou zahrnuty do archivu diskuzni skupiny "news.answers", ktera
obsahuje nejdulezitejsi FAQs periodicky zasilane do urcenych skupin NETNEWS
(USENET). Uplny archiv takovychto FAQs je udrzovan na RTFM.MIT.EDU v
adresari "usenet". Tedy uvedene soubory muzeme ziskat primo z toho pocitace
e-dopisem na adresu "mail-server at rtfm.MIT.EDU" s obsahem

-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
send usenet/news.answers/internet-services/list
send usenet/news.answers/internet-services/faq
-------- Konec dopisu -----------

Muzeme take vyuzit skutecnost, ze na brnenskem gopheru RHINO.CIS.VUTBR.CZ
se drzi kopie archivu skupiny "news.answers". Pak pomoci gophermailu muzeme
ziskat prvy nebo druhy soubor. Na adresu "gopher at gopher.vscht.cz" posleme
bud e-dopis

-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
Split=0
Menu=0
#
Name=faq
Type=0
Port=70
Path=ftp:rtfm.mit.edu@/pub/usenet/news.answers/internet-services/list
Host=rhino.cis.vutbr.cz
#
-------- Konec dopisu -----------

nebo e-dopis

-------- Zacatek dopisu ---------
Split=0
Menu=0
#
Name=list
Type=0
Port=70
Path=ftp:rtfm.mit.edu@/pub/usenet/news.answers/internet-services/faq
Host=rhino.cis.vutbr.cz
#
-------- Konec dopisu -----------

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              2. DISKUZNI SKUPINA VIAMAIL.CZ.NET
              ----------------------------------

Na gopherech "pub.vse.cz" a "vcdec.cvut.cz" se kopiruji prispevky
e-konference NET at CS.VAX.FELK.CVUT.CZ do lokalnich news, ve kterych zustavaji
cca 14 dnu jako diskuzni skupina "viamail.cz.net". Prispevky lze pouze cist,
zapsat prispevek je mozne pouze pres NET at CS.VAX.FELK.CVUT.CZ.

Pristup k "viamail.cs.net" je mozny touto postupnou volbou radek menu na
gopherskych serverech:

"pub.vse.cz"                            "vcdec.cvut.cz"
4. Diskusni skupiny ...                 10. USENET NEWS ...
                   ( dale spolecne volby )
                         21. viamail
                         1. cz
                         6. net

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Obcasniky OMICRON-ECHO vydava vyukove a poradenske sdruzeni OMICRON. Autori
souhlasi s jejich elekronickym kopirovanim a vyuzivanim vyhradne pro osobni
nevydelecnou potrebu. Zverejnovani odbornych casti obcasniku je
mozne pouze pri zachovani uplnosti textu a s uvedenim autorske citace. Jine
vyuziti podminuji autori svym souhlasem.

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