Internet Timeline
Vladimir Vrabec
vrabec at cs.felk.cvut.cz
Mon Jan 24 19:11:40 CET 1994
Pratele,
pro zajemce prikladam Zakonovu prvou verzi prehledu hlavnich udalosti v zivote
Internetu. Zdravi
Vladimir Vrabec
--------- Text of forwarded message ----------
Date: Sun, 23 Jan 1994 11:37:26 +0500
From: Robert H'obbes' Zakon <hobbes at hobbes.MITRE.ORG>
Subject: Internet Timeline v1.0 (final release)
Archive-name: Internet Timeline v1.0
Last-modified: January 23, 1994
Maintainer: Robert H'obbes' Zakon, hobbes at hobbes.mitre.org
Description:
An Internet timeline highlighting some of the key events which helped
shape the Internet as we know today.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Internet Timeline v1.0
by
Robert H'obbes' Zakon
hobbes at hobbes.mitre.org
1960s Packet-switching networks
- Paul Boran, RAND: Distributed Communications - no single
outage point
1967 ACM Symposium on Operating Principles
- Plan presented for a packet-switching network
1968 Network details presented to the Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA)
1969 ARPANET commissioned by DOD for research into networking
- Uses NCP (Network Control Protocol) through IMPs (Information
Message Processors).
IMP = Honeywell 516 mini computer with 12K of memory.
- First node at UCLA and soon after at Stanford Research
Institute, UCSB, and U of Utah.
1970 ALOHAnet developed by Norman Abrahamson, U of Hawaii (:sk2:)
1972 Network of Networks starts forming
- International Conference on Computer Communications with
demonstration of ARPANET between 40 machines.
- InterNetworking Working Group (INWG) created to address
need for establishing agreed upon protocols.
1975 Operational management of Internet transferred to DCA (now DISA)
1970s Store and Forward Networks
- Used electronic mail technology and extended it to conferencing
1976 uucp (unix-to-unix copy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs and
distributed with UNIX one year later
1977 THEORYNET created at U of Wisconsin providing electronic
mail to over 100 researchers in computer science. (uses uucp)
1979 Meeting between U of Wisconsin, DARPA, NSF, and computer
scientists from many universities to establish a Computer Science
Department research computer network.
USENET established using uucp and client/server technology.
1981 BITNET, the "Because Its Time NETwork"
- Started as a cooperative network at the City University
of New York (CUNY).
- Provides electronic mail and listserv servers to distribute
information.
- Unlike USENET, where client s/w is needed, electronic mail
is only tool necessary.
1982 INWG establishes the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known
as TCP/IP, for ARPANET.
- This leads to one of the first definition of an "internet"
as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP.
and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets.
CSNET (Computer Science NETwork) comes into being providing
a dial-up capability to electronic mail. Many universities feeling
left out of ARPANET, join CSNET.
1983 Name server developed at U of Wisconsin, no longer requiring
users to know the exact path to other systems.
CSNET / ARPANET gateway put in place
ARPANET split into ARPANET and MILNET with the latter becoming
integrated with the Defense Data Network created the previous year.
NSF takes over administering ARPANET backbone.
Desktop workstations come into being, many with Berkeley
UNIX which includes IP networking software.
Need switches from having a single, large time sharing computer
connected to Internet per site to connection of an entire
local network.
Berkeley releases 4.2BSD incorporating TCP/IP (:mpc:)
1984 Domain Name Server (DNS) introduced. It would take 4 years
for full implementation.
# of hosts breaks 1,000
1986 NSFNET created
- NSF establishes 5 super-computing centers to provide
high-computing power to all.
- ARPANET bureaucracy keeps it from being used to interconnect
centers
and NSFNET comes into being with the aid of NASA and DOE.
- This allows an explosion of connections, especially from
universities.
Cleveland Freenet (start of NPTN) comes on-line (:sk2:)
1987 NSF awards NSFNET management contract to Merit Network, Inc.,
which ran Michigan's educational network in partnership with
IBM and MCI.
RFC #1000 released - "Request For Comments reference guide"
# of hosts breaks 10,000
1988 Internet worm burrows through the Net
1989 # of hosts breaks 100,000
1990 ARPANET ceases to exist
1991 WAIS released by Thinking Machines Inc.
Gopher released by University of Minnesota
1992 Internet Society is chartered
World-Wide Web released by CERN
# of hosts breaks 1,000,000
1993 Management of NSFNET contracted out to:
AT&T - directory and database services
Network Solutions Inc. - registration services
General Atomics/CERFnet - information services
US White House comes on-line
HRH Elizabeth, Queen of England, sends out an e-mail
Internet Talk Radio begins broadcasting (:sk2:)
Businesses and media take notice of the Internet
Internet growth summary:
Date Hosts | Date Hosts Networks Domains
----- --------- + ----- --------- -------- -------
1969 4 | 07/89 130,000 3,900
04/71 23 | 10/89 159,000
06/74 62 | 10/90 313,000 9,300
03/77 111 | 01/91 376,000
08/81 213 | 07/91 535,000 16,000
05/82 235 | 10/91 617,000 18,000
08/83 562 | 01/92 727,000
10/84 1,024 | 04/92 890,000 20,000
10/85 1,961 | 07/92 992,000 6,569 16,300
02/86 2,308 | 10/92 1,136,000 7,505 18,100
11/86 5,089 | 01/93 1,313,000 8,258 21,000
12/87 28,174 | 04/93 1,486,000 9,722 22,000
07/88 33,000 | 07/93 1,776,000 13,767 26,000
10/88 56,000 | 10/93 2,056,000 16,533 28,000
01/89 80,000 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Comments/corrections should be sent to hobbes at hobbes.mitre.org.
Internet Timeline (c)1993-4 by Robert H Zakon.
Permission is granted for use of this document in whole or in part
for non commercial purposes as long as appropriate credit is given
to the author/maintainer. For commercial uses, please contact the
author at the address above.
---
The Internet Timeline was compiled from a number of sources, with some
of the stand-outs being:
Hardy, Henry. "The History of the Net." Master's Thesis, School
of Communications, Grand Valley State University.
Kulikowski, Stan II. "A Timeline of Network History." Unpublished?
Quaterman, John. "The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferenceing
Systems Worldwide." Bedford, MA: Digital Press. 1990
---
Contributors to the Internet Timeline have their initials next to
the contributed items in the form (:zzz:) and are:
mpc - Mellisa P. Chase (pc at mitre.org)
sk2 - Stan Kulikowski (stankuli at uwf.bitnet) - see sources section
:-) :-) :-) :-) :-) :-) ;-) Help the Author (-: (-: (-: (-: (-: (-:
The author is on an eternal geneological search. If you know of
someone whose last name is Zakon or could spare 1 minute to check
your local phone book, please e-mail any info (i.e., name, phone,
address, city) to rhz at po.cwru.edu; your help is greatly appreciated.
--------- End of forwarded message ----------
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